Diabetes Profile

Description

The Australian Bureau of Statistics have reported that one in 20 Australians, an estimated 5% have diabetes and is growing with the massive sugar intake in our diet.

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by Insulin deficiency, an anabolic hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans located in the pancreas.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, also known as adult-onset diabetes, is associated with insulin resistance and reactive hypoglycemia seen in both adults and children.

The epidemic of obesity, insulin sensitivity and inflammatory health conditions needs in-depth assessment of pre-diabetes and auto-immune diabetic markers. Assessment of diabetes needs to progress beyond Fasting glucose, insulin and HbA1C.

The Diabetes profile 1016 includes Glycomark, Insulin, C-peptide, IA-2 Ab, and GAD Ab.

Glycomark- is a new innovative test that identifies glycemic variability and postprandial glucose spikes. Glycomark measures 1,5-AG, an indicator of glycosuria to detect recent hyperglycemia and hyperglycemic excursions.

C-peptide- is produced at the same rate as Insulin in the pancreas. Insulin regulates the body’s glucose, the primary energy source. C-peptide is measured to differentiate between the body’s production of Insulin and insulin that is injected into the body.

IA-2 Ab- Type 1 diabetes is a cellular-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies causing β-cell destruction and subsequent insulin deficiency. There are several antibodies that may be present such as GAD65 antibodies, islet cell antibodies and islet tyrosine phosphatase 2 (IA2) antibodies. These antibodies can be used to predict the onset of diabetes mellitus.

GAD Ab – The pancreas produces an enzyme called glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) to function normally. Antibodies that target GAD enzyme are GAD antibodies which the immune system targets against microbes or foreign objects. Diabetics potentially have elevated GAD Ab representing the immune system mistakenly attack normal cells.